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Smith College commencement controversies
Commencement controversy at Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts has sometimes produced controversy. Most recently, this occurred from February to May 2014, when protests over Christine Lagarde’s invitation allegedly forced her to rescind her acceptance to give the commencement speech for the class of 2014 at their Graduation. While it is said that “such reversals have become more common in recent years” given that, “what has changed is not so much the protests themselves, but the willingness of colleges and speakers to give in”,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=After Protests, I.M.F. Chief Withdraws as Smith College’s Commencement Speaker )〕 there is actually a longer history of controversy over the chosen commencement speaker that spans back to the 1960s if not before. What Smith’s history shows us is that the struggle over representation as demonstrated by the controversy over commencement speakers in many colleges is not a new occurrence, but rather an old stage for a struggle over an institution’s values and those that the institution represents.
==1967, Nicholas Katzenbach==
In 1967, the then-President Thomas C. Mendenhall invited Nicholas Katzenbach to be the commencement speaker for the graduating class. At the time, he was the 24th Undersecretary of State under Lyndon Johnson. When it was announced that he was to give the commencement speech, he was roundly criticized for his stance on the Vietnam War. The senior class petitioned, stating, “We are honored by the presence of Nicholas B. Katzenbach as our commencement speaker. We respect and admire his past work in the fields of civil rights and crime prevention. However, in his post as Under Secretary of State, he is clearly a representative of America’s present foreign policy. Therefore, we the undersigned graduating seniors of Smith College take this opportunity to express our opposition to our government’s responsibility for widening the conflict in Vietnam.”〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Class of 1967 Records, RG 80, Box 2238, Commencement Folder )〕 At their own commencement, members of the graduating class wore white armbands to express their disagreement with the foreign policy of the United States.
Many faculty members also made their sentiments of opposition to the Vietnam War clear by providing every commencement pamphlet with a petition. The petition quotes, “Our hopes are that the U.S. Government, by means of an extraordinary conciliatory gesture, will seek a way of bringing peace to our country and to the world.”〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Class of 1967 Records, RG 80, Box 2238, Commencement Folder )〕 Nicholas Katzenbach delivered the speech on the 4th of June, 1967, titled, “How Can You Be So Sure?” amidst all parents, faculty, staff and students. After his speech, President Mendenhall held a conference where Katzenbach expressed the policies of the U.S. in regards to the Vietnam War more specifically. The Alumnae Quarterly of the Summer of 1967 reflected on both methods of protest as “dignified” and hailed the president for handling the situation so well.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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